Frozen Shoulder: Navigating Causes, Treatment, and Self-Care with Massage Therapy
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, involves gradual tightening and inflammation of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint capsule.
This capsule encases the shoulder joint entirely and as a result of this condition, the joint’s volume markedly decreases.
A healthy shoulder can have an average volume of about 35 ml, but a frozen shoulder’s volume may drop to 10 ml or even lower.
Phases
Understanding these phases can aid healthcare professionals in diagnosing and developing appropriate therapeutic interventions for individuals with frozen shoulders, as indicated below:The condition typically progresses through three distinct stages:
Acute Stage (Freezing Phase)
Duration:** 2-9 months
This stage is marked by a gradual onset of pain and increased stiffness. Patients often experience severe nocturnal pain that disrupts sleep on the affected side, with discomfort localized primarily around the outer aspect of the shoulder and the deltoid insertion.
Subacute Stage (Frozen Phase)
Duration:** 4-12 months<
Patients commonly report transitioning from pain as the primary complaint to emphasizing stiffness during this phase. Movement restriction adheres to a specific capsular pattern: external rotation, followed by abduction and internal rotation. During this period, there is also potential for disuse atrophy of the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles.
Chronic Stage (Thawing Phase)
Duration:** Variable; potentially lasting between 5-10 years
The chronic stage features a gradual improvement in motion and overall function. Pain may persist but typically becomes localized to the lateral arm and diminishes over time; however, patients might not consistently achieve full range of motion.
Arises following shoulder injuries or extended periods of inactivity.
Self-care recommendations
Exercise is crucial in restoring the shoulder joint’s flexibility and strength. A physical therapist can provide tailored exercises to help improve range of motion and reduce pain. These exercises may include stretching, strengthening, and range-of-motion exercises to loosen up the joint and gradually increase flexibility.
Physical therapy teaches proper body mechanics and movement patterns to prevent further injury and promote healing. Therapists may use heat or ice therapy, ultrasound, or electrical stimulation to help reduce pain and inflammation.
Massage therapy can complement exercise and physical therapy by helping to relax muscles and improve blood flow to the affected area. Massage techniques such as deep tissue massage, myofascial release, and trigger point therapy can help reduce muscle tension and alleviate pain.
Combining exercise, physical therapy, and massage therapy can be a practical approach to recovering from a frozen shoulder. Working closely with healthcare professionals to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your specific needs and goals is important. You can regain mobility and function in your shoulder joint with patience and dedication to your rehabilitation program.